Tomáš Langášek was born 1974 in Kyjov. In 1999, he graduated from the Faculty of Law of Charles University. In 2000, he earned LL.M. degree ("with Merit") in Comparative Constitutional Law from the Central European University. He spent part of his LL.M. studies at Cornell University Law School in New York State, USA, focusing on freedom of speech, religious liberty and the constitutional aspects of national security information classification. In 2012, he received his JUDr. degree from the Faculty of Law of Masaryk University in Brno.

From 2001 to 2003, he trained as a lawyer in the team of the Public Defender of Rights (Ombudsman) Otakar Motejl, dealing with petitions invoking the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, mainly in the field of prison conditions, institutional care and protective education, and social and legal protection of children. From 2002 to 2005, he was a member of the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Other Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment at the Council of the Government of the Czech Republic for Human Rights; he also served as a permanent representative in the Council from 2002 to 2010.

In August 2003, the President of the Constitutional Court, Pavel Rychetský, appointed him his assistant. In November 2006, he was entrusted with establishing the Analytical Department of the Constitutional Court and tasked to head the new unit. From 1 January 2009 to 28 February 2013, he served as Secretary General of the Constitutional Court. Furthermore, he was a member of the Board of the Judicial Academy from 2009 to 2013 and an acting member of the Board of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) from 2010 to 2015.

In addition to a number of scholarly articles, he is the editor and co-author/author of several books or monographies, e.g. Zákon o Ústavním soudu s komentářem (Wagnerová E., Dostál M., Langášek T., Pospíšil I.), published in Prague in 2007 by ASPI, a. s., Listina základních práv a svobod. Komentář (Wagnerová E., Šimíček V., Langášek T., Pospíšil I. et al., Wolters Kluwer ČR, a. s., 2012, 2nd edition 2023), Ústava České republiky. Ústavní zákon o bezpečnosti České republiky. Komentář (Rychetský P., Langášek T., Herc. T. a kol., Wolters Kluwer 2015) Ústavní soud Československé republiky a jeho osudy v letech 1920-1948(Vydavatelství a nakladatelství Aleš Čeněk, Plzeň 2011).

Since March 2013, he served as a Supreme Administrative Court judge, being also the chair of the seven-member chamber for the electoral matters, referenda and political parties and the chair of the six-member disciplinary chamber for judges.

Since January 2022, he has been a substitute member of the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe (European Commission for Democracy through Law).

The President of the Republic, Peter Pavel, appointed him as a Justice of the Constitutional Court on 25 June 2024.